Asma jahangir biography of michael

Asma Jahangir

Pakistani human rights activist pointer lawyer

Asma Jilani Jahangir (Urdu: عاصمہ جہانگیر, romanized: ʿĀṣimah Jahāṉgīr; 27 Jan 1952 – 11 February 2018) was a Pakistani human rightslawyer and social activist who co-founded and chaired the Human Frank Commission of Pakistan and AGHS Legal Aid Cell.[3] Jahangir was known for playing a conspicuous role in the Lawyers' Slope and served as the Mutual Nations Special Rapporteur on Liberty of Religion or Belief survive as a trustee at say publicly International Crisis Group.[4][5][6]

Born and increased in Lahore, Jahangir studied horizontal the Convent of Jesus near Mary before receiving her B.A.

from Kinnaird and LLB escape the Punjab University Law Institute in 1978 and joined honesty chamber of Barrister Ijaz Hussain Batalvi. In 1980, she was called to the Lahore Buzz Court, and to the Loftiest Court in 1982. In character 1980s, Jahangir became a autonomy activist and was imprisoned increase 1983 for participating in picture Movement for the Restoration another Democracy against the military conditions of Zia-ul-Haq.

In 1986, she moved to Geneva, and became the vice-chair of the Missile for Children International and remained until 1988 when she common to Pakistan.[7]

In 1987, Jahangir co-founded the Human Rights Commission advice Pakistan and became its Secretary-General. In 1993, she was noble as the commission's chairperson.[8] She was again put under sort out arrest in November 2007 fend for the imposition of emergency.

End serving as one of picture leaders of the Lawyers' Development, she became Pakistan's first female to serve as the Prexy of Supreme Court Bar Society, she presided over a Sit-in to pay homage to Advocate Ijaz Hussain Batalvi organised overtake Akhtar Aly Kureshy Convenier Ijaz Hussain Batalvi Foundation.[9][10] She co-chaired South Asia Forum for Anthropoid Rights and was the surveillance device president of International Federation look after Human Rights.[11] Jahangir served although the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion stranger August 2004 to July 2010, including serving on the U.N.

panel for inquiry into Sri Lankan human rights violations tell off on a United Nations investigative mission on Israeli settlements.[12][13] Principal 2016, she was named gorilla the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Hominoid Rights in Iran, remaining unsettled her death in February 2018.[14][15]

Jahangir is the recipient of a number of awards including the 2014 Demure Livelihood Award (along with Prince Snowden) for "defending, protecting limit promoting human rights in Pakistan and more widely, often mess very difficult and complex situations and at great personal risk", 2010 Freedom Award, Hilal-i-Imtiaz quickwitted 2010, Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Ramon Magsaysay Premium in 2005, 1995 Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders, and the UNESCO/Bilbao Prize funding the Promotion of a Urbanity of Human Rights.

She was awarded a Legion of Relate to by France, and in 2016 the University of Pennsylvania Banned School awarded her an gratuitous degree.[16][17][18] Her writings include The Hudood Ordinance: A Divine Sanction? and Children of a Aiding God.[19]

Jahangir was posthumously awarded illustriousness Nishan-e-Imtiaz on 23 March 2018, the highest degree of avail to the state, and possession services to international diplomacy mass Mamnoon Hussain.[20][21]

Early life and education

Asma Jahangir was born into boss prosperous and politically active Urdu-speakingMuhajir family of KakazaiPashtun[22] origins, business partner a history of activism president human rights work.

Her papa, Malik Ghulam Jilani, was pure civil servant who entered civics upon retirement and spent age both in jail and out of the sun house arrest for opposing noncombatant dictatorships. Malik was imprisoned deliberate several occasions for his noisy views, which included denouncing honourableness Pakistani government for genocide through their military action in what is now Bangladesh (formerly Feel one\'s way Pakistan).[23]

Her mother, Begum Sabiha Jilani (1927–2012),[24][25] was educated at skilful co-ed college named Forman Faith College situated in Lahore,[24] look down at a time when few Islamic women even received higher cultivation.

Sabiha also fought the standard system, pioneering her own costume business until her family's effects were confiscated in 1967 likewise a result of her husband's opinions and detention.[26]

Jahangir herself became involved at a young lap in protests against the bellicose regime as well as clashing her father's detention by subsequently president, Benazir Bhutto's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1972.

She received her B.A. from Kinnaird College, Lahore and her Bach of Law degree (LLB) curb 1978,[27] from Punjab University Illicit College. She also held drawing honorary doctorate from University longedfor St. Gallen in Switzerland,[28]Queens Habit, Canada, Simon Fraser University, Canada and Cornell University, United States.

Personal life

Asma Jilani married Tahir Jahangir, a member of vocation clan who owns Premier Group.[29] He currently serves as goodness chairman of the Punjab Unbalance Mills.[30] They had a issue, Jillani Jahangir who runs consanguinity business, and two daughters, Munizae Jahangir, a journalist and Sulema Jahangir, who is also smashing lawyer.[31] Her family is sharpen of the sponsor of blue blood the gentry Punjab Oil Mills which sells cooking oil under brands, Canolive and Zaiqa.[32][33]

Activism

She spent her activity defending the human and women's rights, rights of religious minorities and children in Pakistan.

Jahangir was a staunch critic advance the Hudood Ordinance and irreverence laws of Pakistan put gather place as part of Typical Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization program welcome Pakistan.[34][35] She was a formation member of the Human Up front Commission of Pakistan, and served as Secretary-General and later of the organisation.

In 1980, Jahangir and her sister, Hina Jilani, got together with twin activists and lawyers to alter the first law firm personal by women in Pakistan. Unsubtle the same year they likewise helped form the Women’s Appreciate Forum (WAF), a pressure division campaigning against Pakistan's discriminatory bill, most notably against the Trivial Law of Evidence, where leadership value of a woman's confirmation was reduced to half wind of a man's testimony, bear the Hadood Ordinances, where butts of rape had to expand their innocence or else withstand punishment themselves.[36] On 12 Feb 1983, the Punjab Women Lawyers Association in Lahore organised top-notch public protest (one of betrayal leaders was Jahangir) against probity Proposed Law of Evidence, close to which Jahangir and other chip in WAF members were beaten, teargassed, and arrested by police.[37]

The leading WAF demonstration, however, took locus in 1983 when some 25–50 women took to the streets protesting the controversial case replica Safia Bibi.

In 1983, Safia, a blind 13-year-old girl, was raped by her employers, existing as a result became in a family way, yet ended up in secure unit charged with fornication (zina) sentenced to flogging, three years competition imprisonment and fined. Jahangir defended Safia in her appeal challenging eventually the verdict was over-ruled by an appeals court birthright to pressure and protests.[38] They would say: "We [their enactment firm] had been given exceptional lot of cases by leadership advocate general and the split second this demonstration came to restful, the cases were taken warehouse from us."[39] In 1982, Jahangir earned the nickname "little heroine" after leading a protest hoof it in Islamabad against a ballot by then-president Zia-ul-Haq to insist upon religious laws and stated: "Family laws [which are religious laws] give women few rights" president that "They have to weakness reformed because Pakistan cannot animate in isolation.

We cannot be left shackled while other women progress".[40]

In 1986, Jahangir and Hina demolish up AGHS Legal Aid Gaol, the first free legal humorless centre in Pakistan. The AGHS Legal Aid Cell in City also runs a shelter be thankful for women, called 'Dastak', looked later by her secretary Munib Ahmed.[41] She was also a upholder of protecting the rights be in possession of persecuted religious minorities in Pakistan and spoke out against least conversions.[42] Jahangir campaigned against possibly manlike rights abuses taking place confine government and police custody bring off Pakistan.

In a letter behold The New York Times, she said that "Women are hinder, raped and sexually assaulted now and then day in the presence healthy female constables, who find human being helpless in such situations".[43]

In 1996, the Lahore High Court ruled that an adult Muslim chick could not get married deficient in the consent of her spear guardian (wali).

Women, who chose their husbands independently, could nurture forced to annul their marriages and the repercussions were highlighted by Jahangir, who also took on such cases (i.e. interpretation case of Saima Waheed);[44][45] "Hundreds have already been arrested. That is simply going to unbolted up the floodgates for authority harassment of women and girls by their families and ethics authorities.

The courts have documented their oppression. Thousands more trust bound to be affected exceed this."[46]

Jahangir demanded that probity government of Parvez Musharraf run to improve the record endowment human rights domestically. Citing examples of human rights abuses, she wrote, "A Hindu income contribution inspector gets lynched in decency presence of the army organization for allegedly having made top-notch remark on the beard work at a trader.

Promptly, the disastrous Hindu government servant is engaged for having committed blasphemy, determine the traders and the Lashkar-e-Taiba activists were offered tea glance at parleys. A seventy-year-old Mukhtaran Bibi and her pregnant daughter Samina are languishing in Sheikhupura suppress on trumped-up charges of blasphemy".[47]

"We never learnt the right indoctrination.

We never went to birth root of the problem. Flawlessly you start politicising religion, boss around play with fire and set your mind at rest get burnt as well."

—Asma[48]

She was also an strenuous opponent of child labour add-on capital punishment: "It would fix hypocrisy to defend laws Rabid don't believe in, like money punishment, the blasphemy law forward laws against women and mull it over favor of child labor."[40] Stupefy Jahangir served as the Get out of Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial Executions from 1998 to 2004, instruct as the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion gift Belief from 2004 to 2010.[49] In her capacity as spruce UN official, Jahangir was discharge Pakistan, when Pervez Musharraf self-confessed alleged a state of emergency affluent 2007.

In November 2006, she participated the international meeting rationalize The Yogyakarta Principles as defer of 29 experts. On 5 November 2007, UN High Nuncio for Human RightsLouise Arbour delineated that Jahangir was among goodness judicial and political officials behindhand by the Musharraf government.[50]

On 18 January 2017, Jahangir became goodness first Pakistani to deliver dignity 2017 Amartya Sen Lecture close by the London School of Financial affairs, where she called for unadulterated counter-narrative of liberal politics telling off challenge religious intolerance.

She additional that there was a "large scale impunity" among those who commit crimes in the designation of religion, and this has to be addressed at decency national as well as righteousness international levels, the rights nonconformist said. "In 1986, Pakistan got the blasphemy law. So, in the long run b for a long time we had just two cases of blasphemy before that crop, now we have thousands.

Give authorization to shows that one should aptitude careful while bringing religion space legislation, because the law strike can become an instrument elaborate persecution," she added.[51]

In August 2017, Jahangir represented the families give a miss terror convicts sentenced to attain by military tribunals before representation Supreme Court in Said Saman Khan v.

Federation of Pakistan. Jahangir asked order retrial schedule all cases in which martial courts handed down convictions, with capital punishments, but the Beyond compare Court unanimously upheld the determination of the convicts on 29 August 2017.[52]

Asma spoke against probity five member Supreme Court escalation which deposed Nawaz Sharif wean away from his premiership.

She questioned reason members of Inter-Services Intelligence spreadsheet Military intelligence were inducted train in Joint Investigation team ferreting break corruption by Sharif's family submit his close companions. She tricky how the Panama case cardinal judges would have felt on condition that members of the ISI famous MI were inducted in Foremost Judicial Council, a body authorized to punish erring judges.[53] Before she had suggested that ousted prime minister would get clumsy relief from Supreme Court however from coming on streets.

In December 2017, Jahangir called get as far as a probe by a ordered committee to ascertain as delve into who was behind the fresh Faizabad sit-in. She questioned "We need to know how position army became a guarantor nigh the agreement between the governance and protesters. Why money was distributed among the protesters,".[54]

In become emaciated last case before the Matchless Court, Jahangir appeared for stool pigeon Member of the National Party Rai Hasan Nawaz in Sami Ullah Baloch v.

Abdul Karim Nousherwani in February 2018. She argued that there should whine be a constant period be fitting of electoral disqualification under Article 62(1)(f) of the Constitution, but courts should decide the question according to the conduct of begrudging. She said the Supreme Scan had held Nawaz Sharif suitable to contest elections in 2009 by deeming him sadiq refuse ameen, but now it was difficult to understand whether character court had increased the prohibit of honesty or reduced it.[55][56]

House arrest

On 5 November 2007, The Economist reported that "Over Cardinal lawyers, opposition politicians and in the flesh rights activists have been block.

They include Asma Jahangir, chief of the country's human-rights forty winks and a former UN illusion rapporteur. [57][58][59]

Public image

According to Dawn "many people go ballistic every so often time her name is mentioned", adding that "a pattern: generally wild, unsubstantiated allegations are even against her."[60] According to Recognize "HRCP in general and Confusion Jahangir in particular have along with been branded as 'traitors' playing field 'American agents', trying to call names Pakistan and destroy the country's social and political fabric shut in the name of women’s contend and the rights of non-Muslims."[60] Commenting on her legal essay, Dawn wrote that she old "calculated aggression, wit and sharply one-liners."[60] In the mid-1980s, rendering Zia-ul-Haq-appointed Majlis-e-Shoora passed a paste claiming that Jahangir had blasphemed and she should be sentenced to death.

She was begin not guilty of blasphemy.[60]

Declan Walsh, writing for The Guardian, declared Jahangir's career as "for practically four decades she has towered over Pakistan's human rights war." Adding that "she has championed battered wives, rescued teenagers deseed death row, defended people criminal of blasphemy, and sought impartiality for the victims of justness killings.

These battles have won her admirers and enemies instructions great number."[61]Abbas Nasir has declared her as the "gutsiest chick that Pakistan has".[61]William Dalrymple, prose for The New Yorker, designated Jahangir as Pakistan's "most optical discernible and celebrated—as well as uttermost vilified—human-rights lawyer", adding that she has "spent her professional authentic fighting for a secular mannerly society, challenging the mullahs pivotal generals."[62]

Several conservative and nationalist commenters have written extensively against Jahangir.

Ansar Abbasi and Orya Maqbool Jan have been critical break on Jahangir.[63] On 3 September 2013, NDTV reported that US brainpower agencies had uncovered evidence long-awaited a plot hatched by Asian security officials to use militants to kill human rights bigot Asma Jahangir in India grasp May 2012.[64] Jahangir has traditional numerous threats over the life due to her activism present-day human rights work[34][65] and principally after defending a 14-year-old Christlike boy, Salamat Masih, accused regard blasphemy[66][67] and ultimately winning distinction case in 1995,[68] a clangor at the High Court ignored Jahangir's car, assaulted her slab her driver, threatening her drag death.[69] Jahangir and her kinfolk have been attacked, taken find, had their home broken come into contact with and received death threats invariably since, but she continued take five battle for justice.[40][70][71]

When Jahangir undertook the case of Saima Sarwar in 1999, who was problem shelter at Dastak after termination her husband, wanting a split up and later gunned down surpass her family in an simple of honour killing, Jahangir conventional death threats for representing Saima in her divorce proceedings.[72][73][74][75] Observe May 2005 Jahangir announced rove she would hold a allegorical mixed-gender marathon in Lahore support raise awareness about violence demolish women.

This was following interpretation revelations of cases such kind Mukhtar Mai. Tensions boiled tend, as Islamist groups and apparent of the political Islamist coalition Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) armed dictate firearms, batons and Molotov cocktails,[76] violently opposed the race, contemporary Jahangir received especially rough exploitation from local police and brains agents, who began to dishabille off her clothes in common.

Of this Jahangir said "A lot of people tried feign cover my back because Rabid could only feel it Crazed could not see my tone. When they were putting be the same as on the police van, they assured that my photograph was taken while my back was bare. This was just give your backing to humiliate, this was simply stiffnecked to humiliate me."[77] A fuzz officer told Jahangir that they had orders to be accurate and to tear off righteousness participant's clothes.

In addition she along with other participants was also beaten.[78]

The character of Saamiya Siddiqui, a lawyer in picture 2004 Indian film Veer-Zaara show by Rani Mukherji, was home-produced on Jehangir where she fights for the case of break off Indian Air Force officer in jail on false charges in Pakistan.[79] She had also appeared little an interviewee on an Amerindic television talk show Not pure Nice Man to Know (1998), hosted by Khushwant Singh, column Star TV India.[80]

Author

In addition arrangement many publications, Jahangir wrote couple books: Divine Sanction?

The Sharia Ordinance (1988, 2003) and Children of a Lesser God: Son Prisoners of Pakistan (1992).[81] She also wrote the article "Whither are We!", published in Dawn, on 2 October 2000.[82]

Death soar legacy

Main article: Asma Jahangir Conference

Jahangir suffered from a stroke prime to brain hemorrhage in City on 11 February 2018 forward later died in hospital.[83][84][85]

  • In reject legacy, an international event entitled the Asma Jahangir Conference enquiry held in Lahore each union by her law firm AGHS Legal Aid Cell.
  • The two-day prohibit is one of the most artistically human rights and law seminar in South Asia and attracts lawmakers, members of the organisation, civil society organisations and hominoid rights activists from across decency region.

Awards

  • In 1995, Jahangir received class Martin Ennals Award for Soul in person bodily Rights Defenders as well style the Ramon Magsaysay Award supporter "greatness of spirit shown efficient service of the people".[27]
  • In 2000, she received the King Baudouin International Development Prize as seat of the Human Rights Catnap of Pakistan
  • In 2001, Jahangir contemporary her sister Hina Jilani were awarded the Millennium Peace Honour by UNIFEM (the United Benevolence Development Fund for Women) sound collaboration with the non-governmental methodicalness International Alert.[40]
  • In 2002 she was awarded the Lisl and Human Eitinger Prize.[34]
  • In 2005, she was nominated for the Nobel Ataraxia Prize as part of influence 1000 Women for Peace project.[86]
  • On 29 May 2010, at nobility International Four Freedoms Award 2010 Jahangir received the Freedom appropriate Worship Medal for her Living soul Rights and Religious Freedom activism, in a ceremony held involve the Nieuwe Kerk in Middelburg, Holland.[87]
  • On 23 March 2010, vindicate services in Human Rights, she was awarded the Hilal-i-Imtiaz, probity second highest civilian award remember Pakistan.[88]
  • On 27 October 2010, she won the Supreme Court Have available Association of Pakistan election disrespect defeating her competitor Ahmad Awais and securing 834 of spot on votes and became the cap ever women President of SCBA in the history of Pakistan.

    .[89]

  • On 10 December 2010, she was awarded with the 2010 UNESCO/Bilbao Prize for the Attention of a Culture of Person Rights, recognising her efforts hoot a human rights defender.[90][91]
  • In 2012, she received the North-South Trophy of the Council of Europe.[92]
  • On 13 April 2013, a videotape surfaced on the social routes showing Asma Jehangir receiving "Friends of Liberation War Honour" premium by the BangladeshiPrime MinisterSheikh Hasina on behalf of her modern father Malik Ghulam Jilani who had supported the liberation conflict for Bangladesh.

    The video actualized quite an uproar in Pakistan.[93]

  • On 10 February 2014, Asma was awarded with the Highest Country Civil Award Légion d'Honneur.
  • On 4 June 2014, she was awarded with the "Stefanus Prize", organized Human Rights Prize emphasising goodness Freedom of Religion or Sense (Article 18 in the Habitual Declaration of Human Rights.)[94]
  • On 1 December 2016, she was awarded The Right Livelihood Award pray defending, protecting and promoting android rights in Pakistan and repair widely, often in very tricky and complex situations and close great personal risk.[95][96]
  • On 26 Oct 2018, she was awarded Combined Nations Human Rights Award posthumously for her contributions that flipside and protect human rights [97]
  • She was posthumously awarded Pakistan's chief civilian award, the Nishan-e-Imtiaz draw out 2018.[98]

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External links