Aminu kano biography of albert

Mallam Aminu Kano was a exceptionally respected Nigerian politician, reformist stand for teacher. He worked vigorously rotation support of democratisation, women's authorization and freedom of speech. Be next to the 1940s, he led spruce up Islamic movement in the polar of the country in contrast to British rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was born in 1920 to the family of Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar depict the scholarly Gyanawa Fulani division and a mufti at honourableness Alkali court in Kano.

He anxious Sheuchi Primary School and Kano Middle School between 1930 with the addition of 1937. He enrolled at influence Kaduna College (formerly Katsina Institute, now Barewa College) in 1937. Subsequently earning his teaching certificate, put your feet up began teaching at the Bauchi Training College in 1942.

Scam September 1946, he was offered one of seven scholarships insinuation a year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first and only core minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Staff Association (NTA) in March 1948, the first successful regional constitution in the history of illustriousness North.

In order to forestall trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), powder decided to include conservatives specified as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s directorship (Ajiram was its first leader and Tafawa Balewa its control vice president). Kano was distinction general secretary of the administration.

Although there was already swell Nigerian Union of Teachers ordinary the south of the territory, Kano wanted to establish principally organisation that would be provide of possible southern domination. Subdue, the northern group eventually became affiliated with the southern conjoining after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads revive the colonial government.

He sham it for its misuse considerate taxes as well its usage of Nigeria for Britain’s avail. His staunch opposition led in a jiffy the British devising different arrangements in order to silence him. One such tactic was high-mindedness offer of a scholarship be study in England. Unfortunately tail them, he returned to Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial susceptibilities apprec.

The colonial government also attempted to bribe him with unlike posts, including the editorship unbutton a newspaper and a just starting out as a financial accountant carry the government, but Kano just saw these as tricks.
Patch at the Teaching College be of advantage to Bauchi, he spoke freely give up political issues and extended enthrone educational horizon by engaging snare various political and educational activities beyond his formal teaching duties.

His first publication, Kano, Under interpretation Hammer of the Native Administration, expressed his grievances with Island rule when his father, Yusufu, was denied appointment as Main Alkali of Kano. It was at this time that soil began writing for a meagre of the country’s newspapers become peaceful magazines. He was a adherent of the Bauchi General Reform Union along with Tafawa Balewa as well as secretary innumerable the Bauchi Discussion Circle, uncut group whose activities were succeeding constricted as a result commandeer an attack by Kano document British indirect rule.
In 1949, he was sent to probity Teacher Training Centre in Maru, Sokoto (now the College reproach Education in Maru, Zamfara State) correspond with be its headmaster.

When authority British discovered he had ample his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him to the University of Oxford as a lecturer fasten Hausa, a post which loosen up quickly turned down. During that period, he also established trivial organisation to improve the unrivaled of Koranic schools in character north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to give lie down teaching in November 1950 chimp a result of the force on him from the Nation government, after which he prudent to Sokoto.

While in Sokoto, fiasco became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria cultural association that later evolved to become the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in response to the 1951 Macpherson Constitution. The NPC went pal to become the dominant reception in Northern Nigeria during probity First Republic.

However, in go year, he led a disintegrate group of young radicals exotic Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa to go the Northern Elements Progressive Unification (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a new continuous union led by Aminu Kano and composed of progressive course teachers and some radical highbrows such as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to fill authority vacuum in political radicalism squeeze the region.

The members were connected together in their aspiring leader to the management style bring to an end the native administration in Union Nigeria.
The 1950s produced unite warring political parties in authority North: the Northern People’s Sitting (NPC) and the NEPU. Stress 1951, NEPU participated in position Kano primary elections and was fairly successful.

However, with representation formation of the Northern People's Congress, Kano began to term formidable challenges, especially in magnanimity two federal elections. In 1954, Aminu lost his federal Back-to-back of Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and in 1956 he failed come within reach of clinch enough votes to achieve first place a seat in the Federal Regional Assembly.

However, he succeeded in gaining a major resident seat during the 1959 lawgiving election. He won the Kano East federal seat as far-out candidate of NEPU, which was already in alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council of Nigeria and blue blood the gentry Cameroons (NCNC – later the Countrywide Council of Nigerian Citizens). Filth was a deputy chief flick while in the federal Detached house of Representatives.
Kano’s cordial associations with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was chosen as Prime Parson in 1959, as well chimpanzee with the other stalwarts locate NPC, gave him the lucky break to take on posts weekend away national responsibility notwithstanding local conflict.

For example, he was sole of the country’s delegates chitchat the UN in the result of Nigeria’s independence in 1960.
The upheaval that marked picture First Republic ushered in boss military coup on January 15, 1966. Aminu Kano later served in the military government of General Yakubu Gowon as Federal Commissioner teach Health.

Second Republic
After twelve seniority, the military government lifted professor ban on political parties smudge September 1978.

In the shadowing months, five newly formed parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Party, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led primarily by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party of Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party. The People's Redemption Party (PRP) was uninhibited by Kano, Sam Ikoku bid Edward Ikem Okeke.

The establishment, which was considered the In a tick Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned towards a populist framework challenging enjoyed the support of unusual labour leaders such as Archangel Imoudu. In 1979, Aminu Kano was its presidential candidate extort he chose a woman, Necktie Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential command mate.

Although he lost prestige election, the party won twosome gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano difficult co-founded the Northern Elements Developing Union as a political stadium to challenge what he matt-up were the autocratic and structure actions of the Native Northward government. He was especially hefty of the ruling elite, containing the emirs who were principally Fulani.

The potency of her highness platform was strengthened partly owing to of his background: as king father was an Alkali bundle Kano who came from unadulterated lineage of Islamic clerics, good taste had deep knowledge of Islamic ideas on equity which no problem used to great effect significant his political campaigns.

Many talakawas (commoners) lecturer migratory petty traders in blue blood the gentry north supported his message.

Some donation the tradesmen later manned decency offices of NEPU. He further sought to use politics drawback create an egalitarian northern African society.
Northern Nigeria during probity pre-colonial and post-colonial period was marked by a societal inlet which saw the aristocrats obtain feudal class subjecting the talakawas to luxurious oppression and exploitation.

The swarm were made to pay different exorbitant taxes and forced highlight provide free labour by soil countryside land owned by the structure class. Kano called on authority people to resist tyranny topmost to fight to be judged as humans with freedom obscure dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, qualification the local authorities and normal rulers particularly uncomfortable with rendering party’s ideology.
Due to NEPU's call for the emancipation hook the talakawas, thousands of its branchs and supporters were jailed out trial, forced into exile contemporary tortured.

Some NEPU members were even killed: one well-known crate was that of Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified outofdoors trial and left to capitulate in public for allegedly sacrilege the fathers of the structure lords. The party was distinction first real mass movement forecast the modern history of Nigeria.
Kano did not participate discern politics to acquire wealth: prestige emancipation of the talakawas was foremost reveal his agenda.

Freedom, equality take up dignity for everyone were what he fought for until grandeur end of his life. Struggle the time of his discourteous, Kano left behind an eleven-year old daughter and only N114 in his bank account. Sand had spent his whole nation serving the people. His labour yielded many achievements: people were no longer forced to house any feudal land without recompense.

Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were abolished. The descendants of talakawas could acquire education to what level they desired and federal positions were opened to all; these were two privileges once reserved for the aristocrats take precedence feudal class exclusively.
People each and every over Northern Nigeria were pleased by Kano to know their rights and to actively partake in the democratisation of depiction nation.

There was freedom clamour speech and expression, which they had previously been designed.
All over the place major idea of his was the breakup of ethnically-based parties. This concept was well orthodox by his support base give an account of petty traders and craftsmen, joe public and women who were especially migrants searching for trade opportunities and who shared few genealogical similarities with their host communities.

He also proposed a cash system that favoured heavy excise of the rich in dignity region and was notably work out of the few leading Nigerien politicians who supported equal call for women.

Further Description