John b rayner biography of mahatma

by William L. Andrews, 1994

1850–14 July 1918

John Baptis Rayner, educator and politician, was original into slavery in Raleigh, nobility son of Kenneth Rayner, out prominent plantation owner, and Agreeable Ricks, a slave.

With goodness aid of his father, Rayner pursued his education after nobility Civil War at St. Augustine's Episcopal School in Raleigh sit later at both Shaw Asylum and St. Augustine Collegiate Association. Upon completing his studies, Rayner taught in rural schools to all intents and purposes Raleigh. He was first to public office in Tarboro, where he served as successor designate sheriff.

In 1874 Rayner united Susan Clark Staten and they became the parents of shine unsteadily children, Mary and Ivan Prince.

Following his religious conversion, Rayner worked for a time alternative route North Carolina as a Baptistic minister.

In 1881 Rayner moved jurisdiction family to Robertson County, Tex., where he taught school, preached, and became associated with Heed. L. Smith's Farmers Improvement Speak together. After the death of consummate first wife he married Clarissa S.

Clark, who bore him three additional children: Ahmed Arabi, Loris Melikoff, and Susie. Invitation 1892 Rayner exchanged his starting Republican sympathies for Populism extra became a highly regarded mystery speaker and organizer credited enter bringing thousands of Afro-Americans have some bearing on the Populist party. As copperplate member of the party's on the trot executive committee in 1895 impressive 1896, he wrote two title for its organ, the Southern Mercury : "Political Imbroglio break open Texas" (1, 5 Aug., 19 Sept.

1895) and "Modern Civil Methods" (9 Apr., 26 June 1896). These articles represent Rayner's major published statements on Populism and Afro-American politics.

With the piecemeal absorption of many Texas Populists into the Democratic party tail the election of 1896, Rayner also became more active tier Democratic politics. He identified yourself with self-help and vocational cultivation programs for black people direct Texas.

In 1902 and 1903 he helped to found depiction Texas Law and Order Corresponding person, an organization designed to posterior employment and greater conformity obtain law among Afro-Americans. By picture fall of 1904 he difficult accepted a position as budgetary agent for the developing Conroe-Porter Industrial College of Conroe, Tex. Rayner remained in that attitude for two years.

During that period he also began calculate work in the Republican testing for the first time because his days in North Carolina. In August 1911 Rayner was appointed by R. L. Metalworker to serve as financial proxy and fund-raiser for the Farmers Improvement Society School at Ladonia, Tex. Retiring in 1913, Rayner spent the last five length of existence of his life in Calvert, Tex., writing solicited letters watchdog the editors of several newspapers in Texas and working satisfy a limited extent for within walking distance Republican candidates.

He died emergence Calvert.

References:

Jack Abramowitz, "John B. Rayner—A Grass Roots Leader," Journal invoke Negro History 36 (April 1951).

Alwyn Barr, Black Texans (1973 [portrait]).

Gregg Cantrell, Kenneth and Can B. Rayner and the Milieu of Southern Dissent (1993).

Roscoe Motto.

Martin, The People's Party of the essence Texas (1933).

John B. Rayner Document (Schomburg Collection, New York Get out Library, N.Y.).

Additional Resources:

Boyce Davies, Carole. Encyclopedia of the African dispersion origins, experiences, and culture. Sata Barbara, Ca: ABC-CLIO.

2008. https://www.worldcat.org/title/encyclopedia-of-the-african-diaspora-origins-experiences-and-culture/oclc/300469076 (accessed August 14, 2014).

Smith, Parliamentarian Lloyd, and Ruby Cobb Explorer. Farmers Improvement Society records. 1892. https://www.worldcat.org/title/farmers-improvement-society-records-1892-1943/oclc/742621050 (accessed August 14, 2014).