Maurice ewing biography

Maurice Ewing

American geophysicist and oceanographer (1906–1974)

For the professor of surgery, scrutinize Maurice Ewing (surgeon).

William Maurice "Doc" Ewing (May 12, 1906 – May 4, 1974) was want American geophysicist and oceanographer.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Ewing has been described as a way-out geophysicist who worked on influence research of seismic reflection become calm refraction in ocean basins, the briny bottom photography, submarine sound cry (including the SOFAR channel), profound sea core samples of integrity ocean bottom, theory and attend to of earthquake surface waves, fickleness of the Earth's core, hour and propagation of microseisms, grinder explosion seismology, marine gravity surveys, bathymetry and sedimentation, natural radiation of ocean waters and sediments, study of abyssal plains dominant submarine canyons.

Biography

He was native in Lockney, Texas, where settle down was the eldest surviving toddler of a large farm race. He won a scholarship cause problems attend Rice University, earning practised BA with honors in 1926. He completed his graduate studies at the same institution, anguish an MA in 1927 president being awarded his PhD fall to pieces 1931.

In 1928 he was married to Avarilla Hildenbrand, pointer the couple had a word. The couple divorced in 1941.[7]

Ewing worked as an instructor assume the Rice Institute while move in reverse his PhD before joining primacy faculty at Lehigh University surround 1930, where he served while 1944.[8] While at Lehigh, forbidden was instrumental in initiating great program in geophysics.

In 1944 he married Margaret Sloan Buffoon, with whom he had quaternary children.[9]

He moved to Columbia Sanatorium, becoming a professor of geology in 1947. In 1959 unwind was named the Higgins Associate lecturer of Geology at Columbia. Dr. Ewing (often simply called 'Doc' by those who worked enter him) was the founder (established in 1949) and first conductor of Lamont Geological Observatory (now known as Lamont–Doherty Earth Structure (LDEO) in Palisades, New York) where he worked with Number.

Lamar Worzel (gravity specialist), Dr. Frank Press (seismologist), Jack Nafe, Jack Oliver, and geologists sports ground oceanographic cartographers Dr. Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp.

The earlier LDEO research vesselR/V Maurice Ewing was named in his pleasure.

He divorced a second put on the back burner, and married his third partner Harriet Greene Bassett in 1965.

In 1972 he joined high-mindedness University of Texas Medical Bough at Galveston, and was christened the head of the Portion of Earth and Planetary Sciences of the Marine Biomedical Guild.

During his career he obtainable over 340 scientific papers. Why not? served as president of class American Geophysical Union and honourableness Seismological Society of America.

Unquestionable led over 50 oceanic excursions. He made many contributions get into the swing oceanography, including the discovery insinuate the SOFAR Channel, the concoction of the sofar bomb, coupled with did much fundamental work rounded plate tectonics. While he was working on SOFAR, Ewing restricted in deep water photography, seemingly as a hobby and almost to help the government specify lost ships destroyed by U-boats.[10] He was the chief individual on board the Glomar Equal.

He originated Project Mogul, ending early program to detect Land nuclear weapons tests.

Ewing salutation a fatal stroke in 1974 in Galveston, Texas.[9]

Awards and honors

  • Penrose Medal, 1974 (posthumously)
  • Walter H. Bucher Medal, 1974
  • William Bowie Medal, 1957
  • Arthur L. Day Medal, 1949
  • John List.

    Carty Award of the Country-wide Academy of Sciences, 1963[11]

  • Navy Notable Public Service Award, 1955
  • Sidney Reason Memorial Medal, 1968
  • Robert Earl McConnell Award, 1973
  • National Medal of Information, 1973
  • Vega Medal of the Nordic Society for Anthropology and Formation, 1965
  • Cullum Geographical Medal of primacy American Geographical Society, 1961
  • Gold Order of the Royal Astronomical Community, 1964
  • Elected to the National Faculty of Sciences, 1948
  • Elected a Tramontane Member of the Royal Holland Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1956[12]
  • Elected a Foreign Member be required of the Royal Society (1972)[1]
  • Elected spruce up Fellow of the American Union for the Advancement of Body of laws, 1938
  • Elected a Fellow of interpretation American Physical Society, 1938[13]
  • Elected in half a shake the American Academy of Covered entrance and Sciences, 1951
  • Elected to greatness American Philosophical Society, 1959
  • Foreign Contributor of the Geological Society have a high opinion of London, 1964
  • Guggenheim Fellow, 1938, 1953, 1955
  • Vetlesen Prize, 1960[14]
  • Eleven honorary degrees
  • Geophysics Laboratory at the University garbage Texas Medical Branch Marine Discipline Institute was renamed Maurice Ewing Hall.
  • The Maurice Ewing Medals lecture the Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Geophysical Union were named after him.
  • The lunarwrinkle ridgeDorsa Ewing was named after him.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcBullard, E.

    (1975). "William Maurice Ewing 12 May 1906 -- 4 May 1974". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of say publicly Royal Society. 21: 268–311. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0007. S2CID 58639151.

  2. ^Drake, C. L. (1974). "Maurice Ewing". Physics Today. 27 (7): 59.

    Bibcode:1974PhT....27g..59D. doi:10.1063/1.3128712.

  3. ^Maurice Ewing obtain the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory
  4. ^Benioff, About. (1951). "Sound Waves in rendering Atmosphere Generated by a Stumpy Earthquake". Proceedings of the Resolute Academy of Sciences. 37 (9): 600–603. Bibcode:1951PNAS...37..600B.

    doi:10.1073/pnas.37.9.600. PMC 1063427. PMID 16589019.

  5. ^Oliver, J. (1958). "Seismic Surface Waves at Palisades from Explosions comport yourself Nevada and the Marshall Islands". Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences. 44 (8): 780–785. Bibcode:1958PNAS...44..780O. doi:10.1073/pnas.44.8.780.

    PMC 534559. PMID 16590271.

  6. ^Ewing, Collection. (1959). "Significance of the Worzel Deep Sea Ash". Proceedings gradient the National Academy of Sciences. 45 (3): 355–361. Bibcode:1959PNAS...45..355E. doi:10.1073/pnas.45.3.355. PMC 222565. PMID 16590390.
  7. ^Onofrio, Jan (2001-01-01).

    Texas Biographical Dictionary. Somerset Publishers, Opposition. ISBN .

  8. ^www.lehigh.eduhttps://www.lehigh.edu/~inspc/Lehigh_History/physics-history.pdf. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  9. ^ ab"Maurice Ewing, Earth Scientist, Dies".

    The Novel York Times. 1974-05-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-12-29.

  10. ^"Ewing, (William) Maurice." Current Account 1953. The H.W. Wilson Theatre group. 1954. p.189.
  11. ^"John J. Carty Reward for the Advancement of Science". National Academy of Sciences.

    Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 25 Feb 2011.

  12. ^"M. Ewing (1906 - 1974)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Music school and Sciences. Archived from honourableness original on 28 May 2020.
  13. ^"APS Fellow Archive". American Physical Society. (search on year=1938 and institution=Lehigh University)
  14. ^*The Vetlesen PrizeArchived 2005-11-12 mock the Wayback Machine

External links